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Articles Posted in FINRA Arbitration

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Money Flies The President of a California group of companies known as Woodbridge that has previously been accused of selling unregistered securities by state securities regulators, Robert Shapiro, has reportedly invoked his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination in a letter to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).  A March 27, 2017 letter to the SEC from Shapiro’s attorney Ryan O’Quinn, Esq., reportedly stated that “Upon consideration of the SEC’s investigative subpoenas and a review with counsel of the individual rights afforded by the United States Constitution, Mr. Shapiro will rely on his constitutional privilege to refuse to be a witness against himself.”

Woodbridge Wealth, a California-based firm, is a successor company to Woodbridge Structured Funding, LLC, and sells structured financial products to investors, often through intermediary brokers.   These sales have resulted in certain actions by state regulators. For example, in April of 2017, the Pennsylvania Bureau of Securities Compliance and Examinations entered into an agreement with Woodbridge Wealth, to settle allegations of securities industry misconduct arising out of sales of complex structured settlement products that Pennsylvania regulators alleged were unregistered securities.  In another example, in May of 2016, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) suspended Frank John Capuano (CRD#: 844182), a registered broker from western Massachusetts, after he was alleged to have improperly sold Woodbridge Wealth notes to investors while employed as a registered representative of Royal Alliance Associates in Holyoke, Massachusetts.  Finally, in May of 2015, Massachusetts state regulators charged a non-registered individual named Charles Nilosek and his firm, Position Benefits, LLC, with fraud. These charges were brought bssed on the regulators’ allegations that the firm was marketing and selling unregistered securities to vulnerable elderly investors. These complex securities were allegedly sold to retirees as having a guaranteed return, but in fact were complex unregistered securities with no guaranteed return and the potential to create substantial principal losses.

Woodbridge, based in California, has reportedly raised over $1 billion from investors.  Despite the regulatory actions, Woodbridge reportedly continues to sell securities. Some of the issuers of Woodbridge securities are the following:

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Investors with losses in Healthcare Trust, Inc. a non-traded real estate investment trust (Non-Traded REIT) may have arbitration claims if a broker or advisor made a recommendation to purchase the shares without a reasonable basis or misled the customer as to the nature of the investment.  Healthcare Trust is an investment trust which seeks to acquire a diversified portfolio of real estate properties focusing primarily on healthcare-related assets including medical office buildings, seniors housing, and other healthcare-related facilities.

According to secondary market providers that allow investors to bid and sell illiquid products such as Non-Traded REITs, shares in Healthcare Trust are selling for about $14.99 per share – which represents a significant principal loss compared with the offering price of $25.00.

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On August 8, 2017, the State of Michigan Corporations, Securities & Commercial Licensing Bureau (“Bureau”) entered a Cease and Desist Order (“Order”) against Woodbridge Mortgage Investment Fund 4, LLC (“Woodbridge 4” or “Respondent”).  Respondent Woodbridge 4 is a Delaware-organized limited liability company formed in or around 2015. Woodbridge 4 is one of several mortgage funds offered by the California-based Woodbridge Group of Companies, LLC (“Woodbridge”), the successor firm to Woodbridge Structured Funding, LLC.

In connection with the Bureau’s Order, State of Michigan securities regulators made the following findings of fact concerning their investigation into Woodbridge 4:

  • The Bureau determined that Woodbridge 4 offered and sold “First Position Commercial Mortgages” (“FPCMs” or “Notes”) to investors in Michigan that fell within the definition of a security;
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House in HandsRecently, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requested documents form a group of companies known as Woodbridge that has previously been accused of selling unregistered securities by state securities regulators. The SEC reportedly has now asked a Miami federal judge to enforce subpoenas against nearly 250 companies affiliated with Woodbridge as part of the SEC’s investigation into whether “the company is perpetrating a fraud on its investors.”

The SEC also recently disclosed its ongoing investigation into Woodbridge’s receipt of more than $1 billion in investor funds in connection with securities offerings including a security known as the First Position Commercial Mortgage (“FPCM”), which the company describes as “[a] private third-party loan to Woodbridge [which] provides higher returns with shorter terms secured by commercial real estate.”  In connection with FCPMs, investors reportedly loan money to Woodbridge, which says it uses those funds to acquire properties and in return pays investors a 5% annual return.  Woodbridge also raises money using investment offerings through entities such as Woodbridge Mortgage Investment Fund III, LLC.

The SEC’s investigation, which began in September 2016, reportedly is focused on “possible significant violations of the securities laws,” including “the offer and sale of unregistered securities, the sale of securities by unregistered brokers, and the commission of fraud in connection with the offer, purchase, and sale of securities.”  The recent round of subpoena requests reportedly began after Woodbridge failed to cooperate with less formal requests for documents by the SEC.

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Money MazeAs part of its continued variable annuity (“VA”) abuse crackdown, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) recently censured and fined member firm Ameritas Investment Corp. (CRD# 14869) (“Ameritas”) $180,000 for alleged lapses in the supervision of VA sales by its financial advisors.  In a letter of acceptance, waiver and consent (“AWC”), FINRA has disclosed that between September 2013 and July 2015, Ameritas sold 4,075 individual VA contracts.  Of these sales, Ameritas sold nearly 700 L-share contracts, totaling about 17% of its overall VA sales, or about $11 million in aggregate VA L-share sales.

FINRA has prioritized VA sales practice misconduct as warranting enhanced regulatory oversight.  Recent enforcement efforts by FINRA with regard to VAs has resulted in numerous fines levied in 2016 concerning allegations of sales abuse by brokers recommending unsuitable VAs and/or recommending the sale of one VA for another in order to generate commissions (a practice akin to churning, and commonly referred to as “switching”).

VAs are very complex financial products that typically charge significant commissions and fees.  When a financial advisor sells a VA, they will usually receive a sizeable commission, ranging anywhere from 3-7%.  Additionally, a VA contract typically carries various fees, such as a mortality expense (in connection with the contract’s death benefit), investment expenses associated with the sub-accounts holding securities, and administrative expenses on the hybrid security / insurance product.  Of significance, L-share contracts usually carry even higher commissions and fees than standard VAs, due to the fact that L-share contracts have shorter surrender periods (after expiration of a surrender period, an investor in a VA can exit their investment without incurring a surrender charge).

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Financial Fraud On October 31, 2017, Carmel, Indiana financial advisor Thomas J. Buck, 63, was charged under federal securities laws with one count of securities fraud.  The unsealed criminal charges brought in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana allege that Mr. Buck defrauded his clients by charging excessive commissions.  Mr. Buck has agreed to plead guilty to the charge.

From 1981-2015, Mr. Buck was a registered financial advisor with Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith (“Merrill Lynch”), which since January 2009 has operated as a division of Bank of America.  The unsealed criminal charges allege, that in recent years, Mr. Buck defrauded some clients by charging excessive commissions, while intentionally failing to advise them of cheaper options for services rendered.  Specifically, it is alleged that Mr. Buck took discretion over certain accounts, and in these accounts placed trades without client authorization, resulting in clients paying commissions on these trades.  It is further alleged that Mr. Buck informed clients that they were paying less in commissions than were actually charged, and that he also allegedly failed to inform certain clients that a fee-based payment structure was available which could result in financial savings to the client(s).

As a result of the alleged fraudulent enterprise, it is estimated that Mr. Buck’s activities caused clients to incur aggregate losses of approximately $2 million.  According to Assistant U.S. Attorneys Cynthia J. Ridgeway and Nick Linder, who are handling prosecution of the case, Mr. Buck has agreed to plead guilty and could face up to 25 years in prison.  Contemporaneous with the unsealing of the criminal charges, Mr. Buck has also agreed to a monetary settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in the amount of approximately $5 million.

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Piggy Bank in a CageOn November 1, 2017, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) disclosed that registered representative Masood “Mike” Husain Azad (“Mike Azad”) has been barred from the securities industry following a FINRA enforcement proceeding.  Specifically, without admitting or denying FINRA’s findings, “[A]zad consented to the sanction and to the entry of findings that he failed to provide FINRA requested documents and information in connection with its investigation into allegations of misconduct by Azad while associated with his member firm… the allegations included that Azad participated in an unapproved private securities transaction by soliciting investments and/or directly investing in an electronic data security company and engaged in outside business activities involving the company….”

Publicly available information through FINRA indicates that Mike Azad (CRD# 4798445) worked in the securities industry from August 2004 – June 2017.  During this time frame, Mike Azad was affiliated with the following brokerage firms: Voya Financial Advisors, Inc. (CRD# 2882) (2004-2015) and, most recently, First Allied Securities, Inc. (“First Allied”) (CRD# 32444) (2015-2017).  According to FINRA BrokerCheck, Mr. Azad was discharged from his employment with First Allied on May 19, 2017, concerning allegations of violating firm policy “[r]elating to borrowing money from clients, engaging in an unapproved private securities transaction and outside business activity.”

Brokerage firms like First Allied have a duty to ensure that their registered representatives are adequately supervised.  In this regard, brokerage firms must take reasonable steps to ensure that their financial advisors follow all applicable securities rules and regulations, in addition to internal policies and procedures.  In those instances when brokerage firms fail to adequately supervise their registered representatives, they may be held liable for losses sustained by investors.

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Oil Drilling RIgsA private equity fund managed by firm EnerVest Ltd. focused on oil and gas investments has reportedly lost essentially all of its value.  EnerVest Energy Institutional Fund XII (which closed in 2010) and EnerVest Energy Institutional Fund XIII (which closed in 2013)- both of which raised over $1 billion equity capital- appear to be affected by the loss.

With crude oil prices declining from more than $100 in 2014 to as low as $26, and currently hovering around $50 a barrel, the value of EnerVest’s assets, which served as collateral on its substantial debts, dropped substantially.  This loss of collateral reportedly caused Enervest’s lenders to make repayment demands that could not be met, precipating its demise.

When a broker and/or brokerage firm recommends an oil and gas investment to a client, the financial advisor should first ensure that the investor is aware from the outset of the volatile nature of an oil and gas investment (essentially, such an investment is a commodity play attached to the price movement of oil).  Further, the financial advisor has a duty to determine if the investment is suitable in light of the investor’s profile and stated investment objectives.  In addition, in instances where an investor’s account becomes over-concentrated in oil and gas investments, of a broker fails to disclose the risks associated with such an investment or investment strategy, the broker and his or her firm may well be liable for losses on the investment.

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Stealing MoneyOn April 12, 2016, former LPL Financial LLC (“LPL”) broker Charles C. Fackrell (CRD# 5369665) appeared before U.S. Magistrate Judge David Cayer in order to plead guilty to one count of securities fraud for operating a $1.4 million Ponzi scheme.  Based on documents filed with the federal court for the Western District of North Carolina, beginning around May 2012, Mr. Fackrell perpetrated a Ponzi scheme by misappropriating investor funds solicited from at least 20 victims in Wilke County, NC, and elsewhere.  According to court documents, Mr. Fackrell abused his position of trust with his clients, steering them away from legitimate investments to purported investments with “Robin Hood, LLC,” “Robinhood LLC,” Robin Hood Holdings, LLC,” and “Robinhood Holdings, LLC,” as well as related entities (collectively, “Robin Hood”).  These entities allegedly were controlled by Mr. Fackrell and provided him with a conduit through which to cover his own personal expenses, including hotel expenses, groceries, purchases at various retail shops, and to make large cash withdrawals.

Court records indicate that Mr. Fackrell successfully solicited victimized investors by making false and fraudulent representations, including that the investors’ money would be invested in, or secured by, gold and other precious metals.  Further, Mr. Fackrell allegedly told investors that Robin Hood was a safe investment, paying annualized guaranteed returns of 5-7%.  In actuality, however, Mr. Fackrell allegedly spent only a fraction of the investor money on such assets.  Contrary to the representations made to investors, Mr. Fackrell allegedly used a great deal of the money to cover personal expenses, in addition to diverting approximately $700,000 of his victims’ money, back to other investors in classic Ponzi-style payments designed to continue the fraudulent scheme.

Mr. Fackrell entered the securities industry in 2007, when he was under the employ of Morgan Stanley.  From 2010-2014, Mr. Fackrell was employed by LPL in Yadkinville, NC.  Currently, FINRA BrokerCheck indicates that Mr. Fackrell has been the subject of several customer complaints, including the following four pending complaints:

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Money Maze  Investors who have suffered losses in American Finance Trust, a non-traded real estate investment trust (REIT) may have arbitration claims if the REIT was recommended by a stockbroker or investment advisor who lacked a reasonable basis for the recommendation, or if the nature of the investment was misrepresented by a stockbroker or financial advisor.  According to its website, American Finance Trust is designed to protect shareholder capital and produce stable cash distributions through the acquisition and management of diversified portfolio of commercial properties leased to investment grade tenants.  The REIT reportedly invests in core retail properties such as power centers and lifestyle centers.

Secondary markets’ reported prices suggest that American Finance Trust shares may be selling for under $15.50 per share – which would mean a significant principal loss for the seller if he or she purchased shares at the offering price of $25.00.

Risks of Non-Traded REITs

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